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The question of whether a surrogate mother is biologically related to the child is key for all future parents. The child is genetically related exclusively to his biological parents or 50% to donors, and the surrogate mother provides only temporary physiological support.

In 2026, the optimal age threshold for surrogacy is from 21 to 39 years (inclusive), while the upper age threshold for surrogacy is 40 years in leading clinics.

When planning future motherhood, women resort to various strategies. Pregnancies are planned taking into account the most fertile age for women, oocytes are frozen at the age at which women are most fertile, women initially consider motherhood at a late reproductive age using the services of a surrogate mother.

Carrying out reproductive programs using cryopreserved genetic materials has significantly expanded the horizons of family planning for infertile couples. There was an opportunity to participate in international programs of selected clinics around the world, to become parents despite the ban on surrogate motherhood in their country. 

Cryofreezing of embryos, vitrification, cryopreservation of embryos, is a safe and long-used reproductive technology. Its purpose is to preserve embryos for later delayed use. This article deals with how the procedure is carried out, what tasks it allows to solve, how long the storage of frozen embryos can last, and how to use the base of cryo-frozen embryos to become parents.

The preservation of genetic material not only for procreation, but also for the fight against disease and aging is the goal of advanced cryotechnology. Solution of fertility issues, treatment of various types of oncology, medical research are already being successfully carried out with the help of cryobanks.

Freezing eggs in order to use them for future pregnancies is an increasingly popular service. And it is a rather controversial but important issue in the world of fertility. A gynaecologist not always offer this option to women who do not intend to have children at the moment. This is not because it is bad, but because it is quite difficult.